Kamis, 26 April 2018

Lithuania Nude

Lithuania - the best!: Are Lithuanian girls most beautiful in the world?

lithuania-the-best.blogspot.com/2011/06/are-lithuanian-girls-most-beautiful-in.html
Lithuania - the best! If you are planning to visit Lithuania or want to know more about this country, read this blog written by simple Lithuanian girl. What to see in Lithuania? Where to ... Blue eyes, blond hair and pale skin are considered beautiful in many countries and these features are common among Lithuanian women.

Lithuania - the best!

lithuania-the-best.blogspot.com/
Sep 20, 2011 - If you are planning to visit Lithuania or want to know more about it, read this blogwritten by simple Lithuanian girl. I can tell you the truth about Lithuania and Lithuanians from my experience!

Becoming Lithuanian: Naked with Strangers

becominglithuanian.blogspot.com/2009/06/naked-with-strangers.html
Jun 22, 2009 - Naked with Strangers. Within 24 hours of being here, I learned that in Lithuania, it is rude to fill your own glass. I also learned that hostesses NEVER want to see a guest's glass empty, and that if said guest is a foreigner, say from the US, then the hostess NEVER EVER wants to see that guest's glass empty.

NUDE LITHUANIANS

nude-lithuanians.bfbm.ru/
Lithuanian women dating forum with stories, tips, opinions, photos and video of sexy Lithuaniangirls. Becoming Lithuanian: Naked with Strangers - http://becominglithuanian.blogspot.com/2009/06/naked-with-strangers.html. Jun 22, 2009 · Naked with Strangers ... There came a lot of jokes about things Lithuanians do (like ...

Naked Lithuania

www.nakedlithuania.com/
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DOVILE TOMKUTE

dovile-tomkute.blogspot.com/
ABOUT ME. DOVILE TOMKUTE: Vilnius, Lithuania: Postgraduate of Lithuanian Art Academy, Graphics Department. ... Contacts: +370 688 26875, e-mail: tomkute@takas.lt; www.dovile-tomkute.blogspot.com ... 2006 Exhibition of drawings and digital graphics “Gardens of Shadows” at gallery Kairė-Dešinė, Vilnius (Lithuania)

Drawing and Illusion: March 2016

drawingandillusion.blogspot.com/2016/03/
Mar 20, 2016 - The mysterious Naked Maiden is found across Northern Europe: Jersey Nude Maid Germany Naked Maiden, White Maid Holland Naked Boys, Naked maidens/Girls, Naked Children,Lithuania Maidens Russia Snow Maidens (see appendix1). In the muddled meanings of these names are memories of ...

Limited, Inc.: The Bear boy from Lithuania

limitedinc.blogspot.com/2007/04/bear-boy-from-lithuania.html
Apr 24, 2007 - They discovered him in 1694, in the forests which are contained in Lithuania and Russia. He gave no sign of reason, walked on his feet and hands, had no language, and formed sounds that did not resemble any aspect of man's. It was a long time before he could offer some words, and still he did it in a very ...

bzzzzzzzzzz: 2010-09-14 Stasys Bitininkas. Lithuanian beekeeper.

bzzzzzzzzzz.blogspot.com/2010/10/2010-09-14-stasys-bitininkas-lithuanian.html
The inside of one of the sheds. It was two weeks into Autumn, he had taken the honey, and was feeding them so that they'd make it through a Lithuanian winter. In summer, he'd stack more boxes of frames on each. Here, they are covered in hessian and blankets, to keep them warm.

rubber hose: nude floridians? - Upyernoz

upyernoz.blogspot.com/2008/09/nude-floridians.html
Sep 1, 2008 - i guess the florida reporter was too lazy to send a photographer down to the beach to catch some naked people on film. so he picked a random beach photography without naked people that i took in lithuania two years ago and used it instead. surely a photo from a country as sexy aslithuania must have a ...
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Rabu, 08 November 2017

Lithuania King

  1. 30 best Historia Polski: Jan Matejko images on Pinterest | Poland...

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    ... Jan Sobieski's library, Wilanów Palace: an early Copernicus depiction - This Day in History: Feb 19, 1473: Copernicus born http://dingeengoete.blogspot.com/ .

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    www.pinterest.com/pin/395331673516669092/Salinan
    Marcello Bacciarelli, Portrait of Alexander Jagiellon, King of Poland, c. 1768 -. Poland HistoryMale PortraitsLithuaniaKingMoscowFolk ArtPolishCrownsDeath ...

  4. 7 best Zygmunt August images on Pinterest | Poland, Anonymous ...

    www.pinterest.co.uk/braun4467/zygmunt-august/Salinan
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  5. 93 best Szlachcic images on Pinterest | Poland, Commonwealth and...

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    Zdjęcie pochodzi z bloga: xviic.blogspot.co... Autorem bloga jest: Сергей Шаменков. Dymitr Wiśniowiecki Bajda anonymous portrait before 1563.

  6. Jadwiga of Poland, by Jan Matejko (She became the King--not ...

    www.pinterest.ca/pin/153966880980986822/
    ... showing on my Instagram https://www.instagram.com/p/BLQdK-DhZRd/ and you can also visit my Adventure travel blog at http://www.joaoleitao.com - thanks!

  7. The Times of Beauty - www.timesofbeauty.com - Miss World 2016 ...

    www.timesofbeauty.com/2011/05/Salinan
    Mis Lietuva 2011 will be held on July 6 at the New York Club in Vilnius. The pageant will commemorate the crowning of Mindaugas, the first known Grand Duke ...

  8. 55 besten 25.Chorągwie XVI - XVII wiek Bilder auf Pinterest ...

    www.pinterest.de/alagazka/25chorągwie-xvi-xvii-wiek/
    źródło: http://historiezapomniane.blogspot.com/2011_10_01_archive.html ..... Grand Duke of Lithuania, King of Poland Casimir IV and Elisabeth of Austria, XVII .

  9. 25+ Best Memes About Prussia | Prussia Memes - Sizzle

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    Find the newest Prussia meme. The best memes from Instagram, Facebook, Vine , and Twitter about Prussia.

  10. De 25 bästa Žygimantas Augustas ir jo žmonos / Sigismund August...

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Algirdas

Algirdas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Lithuanian masculine given name Algirdas, see Algirdas (name).



"Alherd" redirects here. For places in Iran, see Alherd, Iran.
Algirdas
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas. Authors-JK&LK.jpg
Fragment from medal by Juozas Kalinauskas
Reign 14th century
1316–1377
1345–1377 (as Grand Duke of Lithuania)
Predecessor Jaunutis
Successor Jogaila
Born c. 1296
Died Late May 1377
possibly Maišiagala
Spouse Maria of Vitebsk
Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver
Issue For others, see family of Algirdas
Dynasty Gediminid
Father Gediminas
Mother Jewna
Religion Paganism
Algirdas (Belarusian: Альгерд, Russian: Ольгерд, Polish: Olgierd; c. 1296 – May 1377) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania. He ruled the Lithuanians and Ruthenians from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his brother Kęstutis (who defended the western border of the Duchy) he created an empire stretching from the present Baltic states to the Black Sea and to within fifty miles of Moscow.

Contents

Background

Algirdas was one of the seven sons of Grand Prince Gediminas. Before his death in 1341, Gediminas divided his domain, leaving his youngest son Jaunutis in possession of the capital, Vilnius. With the aid of his brother, Kęstutis, Algirdas drove out the incompetent Jaunutis and declared himself Grand Prince in 1345. He devoted the next thirty-two years to the development and expansion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[1]
Two factors are thought to have contributed to this result: the political sagacity of Algirdas and the devotion of Kęstutis. The division of their dominions is illustrated by the fact that Algirdas appears almost exclusively in East Slavic sources, while Western chronicles primarily describe Kęstutis. Lithuania was surrounded by enemies. The Teutonic Order in the northwest and the Golden Horde in the southwest sought Lithuanian territory, while Poland to the west and Muscovy to the east were generally hostile competitors.

Expansion of Lithuania

Drawing of man in ceremonial dress, looking at a scepter
Algirdas by Alexander Guagnini
Algirdas held his own, also acquiring influence and territory at the expense of Muscovy and the Golden Horde and extending the borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Black Sea. His principal efforts were directed toward securing the Slavic lands which were part of the former Kievan Rus'. Although Algirdas engineered the election of his son Andrew as Prince of Pskov and a powerful minority of Novgorod Republic citizens supported him against Muscovy, his rule in both commercial centres was (at best) precarious.[1]
Algirdas occupied the important principalities of Smolensk and Bryansk in western Russia. Although his relationship with the grand dukes of Muscovy was generally friendly (demonstrated by his marriages to two Orthodox Russian princesses), he besieged Moscow in 1368 and 1370 during the Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72). An important feat by Algirdas was his victory over the Tatars in the Battle of Blue Waters at the Southern Bug in 1362, which resulted in the breakup of the Kipchaks and compelled the khan to establish his headquarters in the Crimea.[1]

Religion and death

According to modern historians, "For Gediminas and Algirdas, retention of paganism provided a useful diplomatic tool and weapon ... that allowed them to use promises of conversion as a means of preserving their power and independence".[2] Hermann von Wartberge and Jan Długosz described Algirdas as a pagan until his death in 1377. Contemporary Byzantine accounts support the Western sources; Patriarch Neilos described Algirdas as "fire-worshipping prince"[3] and another patriarch, Philotheos, excommunicated all Ruthenian noblemen who helped the "impious" Algirdas.[4] His pagan beliefs were also mentioned in 14th-century Byzantine historian Nicephorus Gregoras' accounts.[5]
Stone carving of two seated men
Algirdas (left) on the Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod
After his death, Algirdas was burned on a ceremonial pyre with 18 horses and many of his possessions in a forest near Maišiagala,[6] probably in the Kukaveitis forest shrine located at 54°55′42″N 25°01′04″E.[7] His alleged burial site has undergone archaeological research since 2009.[8] Algirdas' descendants include the Trubetzkoy, Czartoryski and Sanguszko families.[citation needed]
Although Algirdas was said to have ordered the death of Anthony, John, and Eustathius of Vilnius,[citation needed] who were later glorified as martyrs of the Russian Orthodox Church, the 16th-century Bychowiec Chronicle and 17th-century Hustynska Chronicle maintain that he converted to Orthodox Christianity some time before his marriage to Maria of Vitebsk in 1318. Several Orthodox churches were built in Vilnius during his reign, but later assertions about his baptism are uncorroborated by contemporary sources. Despite contemporary accounts and modern studies,[9][10] however, some Russian historians (such as Batiushikov) claim that Algirdas was an Orthodox ruler. The Kiev Monastery of the Caves' commemorative book, underwritten by Algirdas' descendants, recorded his baptismal name as Demetrius during the 1460s. Following Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz and Macarius I, Volodymyr Antonovych writes that Algirdas took monastic vows several days before his death and was interred at the Cathedral of the Theotokos in Vilnius under the monastic name Alexius.

Assessment

Coin with bearded man holding a scepter
Litas commemorative coin with image of Algirdas
Algirdas balanced himself between Muscovy and Poland, spoke Lithuanian and Ruthenian (among other languages) and followed the majority of his pagan and Orthodox subjects rather than to alienate them by promoting Roman Catholicism. His son Jogaila ascended the Polish throne, converted to Roman Catholicism and founded the dynasty which ruled Lithuania and Poland for nearly 200 years.[1]
Algirdas (Belarusian: Альгерд, Alhierd) is also widely honoured in Belarus as a unifier of all Belarusian lands within one state, a successful military commander and ruler of medieval Belarus[11][12] A monument to him has been erected in Vitsebsk in 2014, as part of the celebration of the city's 1040th anniversary. Algirdas was Duke of Vitebsk for over 20 years before becoming Grand Duke of Lithuania.[13]

See also

References



  • Wikisource-logo.svg Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Olgierd". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.). p. 80.

  • Muldoon, James. Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages. University Press of Florida, 1997. Page 140.

  • F. Miklosich, J. Mūller. Acta Patriarchatus Constantinopolitan. Vienna, 1862, Vol. 2, p.12

  • F. Miklosich, J. Mūller. Acta Patriarchatus Constantinopolitan. Vienna, 1862, Vol. 1, pp. 523–524

  • I. Bekker. Nicephori Gregorae Historiae Byzantinae. Bonn, 1829, Vol. 3 pp. 517–520

  • "He was cremated with the best horses, clothes, resplendent in gold and girdled with a gilded silver belt and was covered with a gown woven of beads and gems", Marija Gimbutas has observed Archived 9 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine..

  • (in Lithuanian)Vykintas Vaitkevičius, Kukaveičio šventvietės mįslės in Šiaurės Atėnai 2 May 2008

  • Lokalizavo kunigaikščio Algirdo palaikų kremavimo vietą. retrieved on 22 May 2009

  • Contributed by Antoni Prochaska, Jan Ochmanski, Gotthold Rhode, Marija Gimbutas, Edvardas Gudavičius etc.

  • Mažeika, Rasa (1987). "Was Grand Prince Algirdas a Greek Orthodox Christian?". Lituanus. 33 (4). Retrieved 6 September 2007.

  • Князь Альгерд нарэшце вярнуўся ў Віцебск [Duke Alhierd Finally Returns to Viciebsk]

  • У Менску адкрылася выстава “Князь Альгерд у выяўленчым мастацтве” [Exhibition "Duke Alhierd in Visual Arts" Opened in Minsk]


    1. У Віцебску ўсталявалі помнік князю Альгерду. Фотарэпартаж [Monument to Duke Alhierd installed in Viciebsk. Photos]
    Algirdas
    Born: c. 1296 Died: May 1377
    Preceded by
    Jaunutis    		 Grand Prince of Lithuania
    along with Kęstutis
    1345–1377    		 Succeeded by
    Jogaila
    Preceded by
    Yaroslav    		 Prince of Vitebsk
    1345–1377    		 Succeeded by
    Uliana
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